Laryngoscopy

Laryngoscopy is an examination used to view the throat and larynx, including the vocal cords and structures involved in breathing and voice production. It can be performed using a rigid or flexible fibreoptic laryngoscope, depending on the area that needs to be examined and the patient's symptoms. A flexible scope is usually a thin, narrow instrument that can be passed gently through the nose to provide a view of the throat and voice box, while a rigid scope may be used when a more direct or detailed examination is required.

Laryngoscopy may be recommended for persistent hoarseness, voice changes, throat discomfort, difficulty swallowing, a sensation of something being stuck in the throat, chronic coughing, or suspected vocal cord problems. It can help the ENT specialist examine the vocal cords and identify changes such as inflammation, swelling, vocal polyps, nodules, cysts, lesions, or other abnormalities. The examination may also be useful when symptoms continue for an extended period or when there is a need to assess the larynx more closely.

Before a flexible examination, a local anaesthetic or nasal spray may sometimes be used to reduce discomfort and make the procedure easier to tolerate. The scope is passed carefully while the patient remains awake and is usually able to breathe and communicate normally during the examination. A rigid examination may require a different setting and preparation depending on its purpose. Laryngoscopy is generally well tolerated, although some patients may experience temporary irritation, gagging, coughing, watering of the eyes, or a sensation of pressure.

The findings are assessed along with the patient's symptoms and medical history. If an abnormality is identified, the specialist may recommend further investigations, voice therapy, medical treatment, biopsy, or other management depending on the nature of the finding. Overall, laryngoscopy provides an important direct view of the larynx and vocal cords and plays a valuable role in the evaluation of voice, throat, and swallowing-related problems.